However, the United States and its client, Ngo Dinh Diem, refused to participate in talks preparatory to those elections, preferring instead to build South Vietnam as a non-communist bastion. The Franco-Viet Minh ceasefire reached at Geneva divided Vietnam in two at the 17th parallel, with countrywide reunification elections slated for the summer of 1956. Eisenhower on the eve of the Geneva Conference of 1954. From that point on, American involvement in Vietnam was most often explained in terms of the Domino Theory, articulated by President Dwight D. The lines of future conflict were drawn that year when the Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union recognized and provided aid to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi, followed almost immediately by Washington’s recognition of the State of Vietnam in Saigon. While that war was, initially, a war of decolonization, it became a central battleground of the Cold War by 1950. The Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, emerged as the dominant anti-colonial movement by the end of World War II, though Viet Minh leaders encountered difficulties as they tried to consolidate their power on the eve of the First Indochina War against France. The origins of the Vietnam War can be traced to France’s colonization of Indochina in the late 1880s.
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